![]() These bacteria are so named as they oxidize ethanol to acetic acid during the process of fermentation, from which they derive their energy. ![]() Acetic acid bacteria - Acetic acid bacteria are rod-shaped Gram negative bacteria. Certain species of helicobacter are known to cause peptic ulcers, gastritis and stomach cancer.ĥ. Flagella help them to be motile and move fast. The lipopolysacchride that helicobacter contain has unique biological properties. The species H.Pylori is of particular interest to bacteriologists and gastroenterologists, as it infects nearly 50% of humans. Helicobacter - Helicobacter are a genus of Gram negative bacteria shaped in the form of a helix. Coli infections have also be known to occur from eating Hazelnuts.Ĥ. The consumption of vegetables that are not properly washed and meat that has not been cooked thoroughly can result in E.Coli infections. They can cause urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis, food poisoning and serious complications, such as Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, in humans. Although most strains of E.Coli are not harmful and are present in the gut of humans a few hours after childbirth, certain E.Coli strains can produce toxins that are lethal and can be dangerous. They can grow aerobically or anaerobically and cause the reduction of substrates, such as oxygen and nitrates. Escherichia Coli - E.Coli, as they are commonly known, are a rod-shaped Gram negative bacteria. They destroy the cells that line the large intestine, resulting in ulceration and bloody diarrhea.ģ. They also cause diarrhea and dysentery and can be spread from person-to person via contact and through ingestion of contaminated food and water. ![]() Shigella are the cause of Shigellosis in humans. They only affect primates and not other mammals. Similar to Salmonella, they are non-spore forming. Shigella - Shigella are a genus of rod-shaped Gram negative bacteria. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever are common symptoms in humans who have Salmonella.Ģ. They normally live within the intestinal tract of birds and other animals and can spread from animals to humans through the consumption of contaminated milk, eggs, poultry and beef. Salmonella are found throughout the animal kingdom. They oxidize and reduce organic substances and, in the process, produce hydrogen sulfide. They are non-spore forming enterobacteria with flagella. Salmonella - Salmonella are a genus of rod-shaped bacteria. Here is a list of Gram negative bacteria, including a brief account of their structure, functions and medical significance.ġ. Secondary infections in hospitals are usually a result of an infection by a Gram negative bacteria. Gram negative bacteria cause infections, such as cholera, typhoid, meningitis and various kinds of gastrointestinal distresses. Inflammation is a common symptom of infection and can lead to toxicity. The lipopolysacchride in the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria is an endotoxin, which triggers a response from the innate immune system. Additionally, there is an S-layer attached to the outer membrane. They have a cytoplasmic membrane and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide. Gram negative bacteria are colored red or pink, with the addition of a counter-stain. During the process of Gram staining, Gram negative bacteria do not retain the crystal violet dye.
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